A plain-cash valuation · Pine Cliff Energy Ltd. (TSX: PNE)
How much cash does Pine Cliff really make, and what is a share of it worth?
Pine Cliff Energy is one of the largest owners of low-decline conventional natural gas in Canada, producing from shallow dry gas fields in southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan, with about three quarters of its output natural gas. It produced 20,763 boe a day in 2025 and pays a small monthly dividend. Its December 2023 purchase of Certus Oil and Gas for $108.9 million added the Caroline area and a term loan that it has been paying down since. This page counts only the cash that was actually left over each year, after every bill was paid and every well was drilled, then asks the only question that matters to an owner: what is one share worth, and how does that compare with the price? The rules come from the calculations economists and engineers use to decide whether a project is worth building, applied to a whole company.
figures to FY2025 · price C$0.56 (close of 28 August 2026) · all figures Canadian dollarsWhat Pine Cliff really earned, and what you are assuming it will earn
Solid bars are reported history: the real cash left each year after every bill was paid and every well was drilled. Negative years are when the owners put cash in; positive years are when it came back out. Striped bars are your projection.
Table view: every year, C$ millions
| Year | Status | Real cash left | Per share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | reported | 20.0 | $0.07 |
| 2017 | reported | 14.1 | $0.05 |
| 2018 | reported | 1.0 | $0.00 |
| 2019 | reported | 11.1 | $0.03 |
| 2020 | reported | 4.3 | $0.01 |
| 2021 | reported | 31.9 | $0.09 |
| 2022 | reported | 123.7 | $0.34 |
| 2023 | reported | 44.8 | $0.12 |
| 2024 | reported | 27.6 | $0.08 |
| 2025 | reported | 15.5 | $0.04 |
| 2026 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2027 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2028 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2029 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2030 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2031 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2032 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2033 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2034 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2035 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2036 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
| 2037 | projected | 29.4 | $0.08 |
If you bought one share today
The red bar is what you pay. Yellow years pay you back, including the return you asked for. Green years are pure profit on top. If there is no green, you paid more than the cash is worth.
You get your C$0.56 back, with your 9.0% return, in year 11 (2036); 1 profitable years follow. Buying at C$0.56 loses you $0.65 a share in today's dollars.
What a share is worth under different assumptions
Your required return down the side, ten-year growth across the top. Your current setting is outlined; the dashed cells are within 10% of today's price. Blue means worth more than C$0.56, red means worth less.
Growth after year 10, the well life, the starting point and the switches above all carry through. Every cell is the same arithmetic as the big number at the top.
Three honest answers from the same cash
Three answers from the same accounts and the same arithmetic, at your required return, long-run growth and well life. The gap between them is the growth you choose to believe in, and nothing else.
From the reported figures to the cash in the bank, FY2025
Reported profit is an accountant's number, and the "cash flow" companies quote usually leaves the drilling out. Here the reported figures are worked down to the cash that was actually left after every bill and every well. Figures in C$ millions.
| FY2025, C$ millions | |
|---|---|
| Profit, as reported (the headline number) | −12.1 |
| Cash generated by operations, as reported | 25.1 |
| + Interest paid, put back | 6.6 |
| − Rent on leases | −1.4 |
| − Every dollar spent on wells and plants | −14.8 |
| = Real cash left for owners | 15.5 |
| Per share (358.581M diluted) | $0.04 |
| For comparison: dividends paid in 2025 | 9.4 |
| For comparison: assets bought and sold, net | −15.8 |
What we take out, and why
- Depreciation, depletion and every other paper charge: accountants spread the cost of past drilling over years. We ignore that and count the cash actually spent on wells and plants in the year it went out, so nothing is counted twice.
- Interest paid: put back. Interest is the price of borrowed money, and your required return already charges for the price of money, so every company is judged the same way whether it borrows or not.
- Rent on leases: small and short leases are treated as a cost of producing, like fuel.
- Every dollar spent on wells and plants: taken out in full, including the drilling that grows production. That spending buys the future cash the dials project, so it is counted where it happens.
What 10 years of accounts say
Every line the model uses, every year, with the latest year highlighted. Dividends and buybacks are shown as money leaving for owners.
Every year, C$ millions
| C$ millions | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profit, as reported | −50.4 | −67.9 | −72.7 | −56.4 | −50.1 | 81.4 | 108.9 | 9.1 | −21.4 | −12.1 |
| Cash generated by operations, as reported | 22.5 | 25.0 | 8.6 | 15.5 | 8.8 | 49.5 | 150.5 | 66.6 | 23.8 | 25.1 |
| + Interest paid, put back | 6.7 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 8.4 | 6.6 |
| − Rent on leases | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.9 | −1.1 | −1.1 | −1.2 | −1.1 | −2.0 | −1.4 |
| − Spent on wells and plants | −9.2 | −13.5 | −10.7 | −8.4 | −7.5 | −21.6 | −29.1 | −21.0 | −2.5 | −14.8 |
| = Real cash left for owners | 20.0 | 14.1 | 1.0 | 11.1 | 4.3 | 31.9 | 123.7 | 44.8 | 27.6 | 15.5 |
| Real cash per share, C$ | $0.07 | $0.05 | $0.00 | $0.03 | $0.01 | $0.09 | $0.34 | $0.12 | $0.08 | $0.04 |
| Assets bought and sold, net | −59.0 | −0.5 | 0.0 | 7.3 | −0.8 | 22.8 | −1.5 | 108.9 | −9.9 | −15.8 |
| Dividends paid | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −23.6 | −46.0 | −25.6 | −9.4 |
| Debt after cash, year end | 64.2 | 53.6 | 56.8 | 64.0 | 63.1 | 38.7 | −51.3 | 61.9 | 59.8 | 39.9 |
| Shares, millions (diluted average) | 306.3 | 307.1 | 307.1 | 319.3 | 330.3 | 348.3 | 360.0 | 359.4 | 357.4 | 358.6 |
| Production, barrels of oil equivalent a day | 22,495 | 21,408 | 19,684 | 19,142 | 19,006 | 18,445 | 21,015 | 20,660 | 23,248 | 20,763 |
How the maths works, and what to be careful about
The words on this page
- Real cash (true cash)
- What was left in the bank each year after every bill, every tax payment and every well drilled. Not profit, and not "cash flow" as companies usually quote it, which leaves the drilling out. The strictest number there is.
- Required return
- The yearly return you insist on for taking the risk. A dollar promised in ten years is worth less than a dollar today; this rate says how much less. 9% is a common professional figure for a large Canadian producer; the reserve engineers use 10%.
- Well life (reserve life)
- How long the wells keep producing. After the life you choose, nothing is counted. Pine Cliff's evaluator booked 92.8 million boe of proved plus probable reserves at 31 December 2025, about 67 per cent of it proved. Against 2025's average production of 20,763 boe a day (7.6 million boe a year) that is a 12.2 year 2P reserve life and 8.2 years proved.
- What a share is worth
- Every future year's cash, shrunk back to today's dollars at your required return, added up, less the debt, less the cost of cleaning up the wells, divided by the number of shares. Pay less than this and you earn more than your required return; pay more and you earn less.
- Where the default growth comes from
- Production has drifted from 23,248 boe a day in 2024 to 20,763 in 2025 and 19,905 in the first half of 2026, and the raised $27 million capital budget aims to steady volumes rather than grow them, so the growth dial starts at 0 per cent.
The arithmetic, step by step
- Count the real cash each past year: cash generated by operations as reported, plus interest paid put back, minus rent on leases, minus every dollar spent on wells and plants. Buying and selling assets is shown separately.
- Project it. The starting cash you choose (an average of the history, or the latest year) grows at your growth dial for ten years, then at the long-run rate for as long as the wells keep producing. Nothing is counted after the well life ends.
- Bring it back to today. Each year's cash is shrunk by your required return, counted at mid-year because cash arrives through the year rather than on 31 December.
- Turn it into a share value. Add up the shrunk cash; take off net debt of C$51M; take off the C$203M cost of cleaning up the wells if that switch is on; divide by 358.8M shares.
- Work it backwards. "The growth today's price assumes" is the ten-year growth rate at which this start is worth exactly the share price.
Where the numbers come from
- Figures for all ten history years were hand-checked line by line against the audited consolidated statements of cash flows, balance sheets and notes in Pine Cliff's 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2025 annual reports, each of which carries the prior year as comparative. Cash from operations, cash interest paid, lease payments, capital spending, acquisitions, dividends and net income all match the audited filings within rounding.
- Pine Cliff's revenue and cash flow are unusually sensitive to the AECO spot natural gas price because most of its dry gas volumes are unhedged; cash from operations swung from $150 million in 2022 to $24 million in 2024 on gas prices alone.
- Interest is the cash interest paid disclosed in the audited notes; Pine Cliff deducts interest inside operating cash flow, so adding it back before subtracting it again simply follows the book's method.
- Net debt for 2016 to 2020 is the company's own stated net debt, which nets working capital; 2021 to 2025 is total debt including lease obligations less cash and marketable investments (the investments balance was only $0.2 million at the 2022 and 2023 year ends and nil in the other years). All five reconcile to the audited balance sheets. The $50.8 million shown as current is the company's reported net debt at 30 June 2026; on the same total debt including leases less cash basis the figure was $42.8 million the same day.
- Acquisitions net of sales follow the audited cash flow statements: 2016 was a large net seller year with $58.2 million of dispositions, 2023 is the $108.9 million Certus acquisition (funded partly by a $56.3 million three year term loan), and 2024 and 2025 are net seller years of about $10 and $16 million.
- Dividends are cash paid on common shares; the monthly dividend was cut through 2024 and 2025 as gas prices weakened. Pine Cliff has never bought back shares in this period.
- Lease payments are the audited principal payments on lease obligations, nil before IFRS 16 arrived in 2019.
- The 358.8 million share count is basic shares outstanding at 30 June 2026; about 6.9 million stock options were granted during 2025 alone, so modest dilution is possible.
- The decommissioning provision is large next to the company's value: $203.1 million discounted ($328.6 million undiscounted) against a market value near $200 million, which is why the clean-up toggle moves this valuation so much.
For the technically minded
The method is the one used to evaluate capital projects, from Ted Lawrence, The Business Guide to Economic Evaluations: Projects, Leases, Tariffs and Acquisitions (2017). "Real cash" is the book's project cash flow (chapter 3) with depreciation, debt servicing and debt-like leases restructured out (chapters 4, 5 and 19); short operating leases stay in as a cost of producing, a chapter 19 judgment. The value per share follows the share-purchase evaluation of chapter 20: present value of the company's cash flows at the cost of capital (chapter 10), mid-year discounting (chapter 12), plus non-required assets, less net debt and the decommissioning liability. "What you gain or lose" is the bid-curve NPV of chapter 20; "when you get your money back" is the discounted payout of chapter 13; the bars follow the project profile of chapter 6. The reverse solve on growth is a plain reverse DCF.
Discount-rate anchors: 9% is a common cost-of-equity figure for a large Canadian producer and 10% is the reserve-report convention (PV10). The long-run rate defaults to 0% here: a depleting resource should not be assumed to grow forever, so anything above zero is a judgment you make with the dial.
Sources
- Ted Lawrence, The Business Guide to Economic Evaluations: Projects, Leases, Tariffs and Acquisitions (2017). Chapters used: 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 19 and 20.
- stockanalysis.com, Pine Cliff financials, balance sheet and cash flow (10 year view) (30 August 2026)
- stockanalysis.com, PNE quote page (price, shares, market cap) (28 August 2026 close)
- Pine Cliff 2025 annual report (audited statements, interest, leases, decommissioning) (4 March 2026)
- Pine Cliff 2023 annual report (Certus acquisition, 2023 and 2022 audited statements) (4 March 2024)
- Pine Cliff 2021 annual report (audited statements for 2021 and 2020) (8 March 2022)
- Pine Cliff 2019 annual report (audited statements for 2019 and 2018) (11 March 2020)
- Pine Cliff 2017 annual report (audited statements for 2017 and 2016) (13 March 2018)
- Pine Cliff Q2 2026 quarterly report (net debt, shares outstanding, 30 June 2026 balance sheet) (12 August 2026)
- Pine Cliff 2025 annual results, reserves and outlook release (4 March 2026)
- Pine Cliff Q2 2026 results and capex guidance update (12 August 2026)

